Naturalization

Naturalization Requirements

Naturalization is how a lawful permanent resident becomes a U.S. citizen. Almost everyone who naturalizes does so under one of two rules: five years as a permanent resident, or three years if you are married to and living with a U.S. citizen. Everything else on this page is an exception to those two rules.

Naturalization Information for Military Personnel

If you are serving in the U.S. armed forces, or have served, the path to citizenship is shorter than the civilian one — and it is free. Congress created two special provisions: one for a year of service at any time, and one for service during a designated period of hostilities. Because the United States has been in a designated period of hostilities continuously since September 11, 2001, most people serving today qualify under the second and more generous provision. This page explains which one fits you, what can disqualify you, and how to file.